Important Events

42 BC Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi – Brutus’s army is decisively defeated by Mark Antony and Octavian. Brutus commits suicide.

1911 1st aerial reconnaissance mission is flown by an Italian pilot over Turkish lines during the Italo-Turkish War

1942 During WWII, Britain launches major offensive at El Alamein, Egypt

1977 Paleontologist Elso Barghoorn announces discovery of a 3.4-billion year old one-celled fossil, one of the earliest life forms on Earth

1981 US national debt hits $1 trillion

2001 The Provisional Irish Republican Army of Northern Ireland commences disarmament after peace talks

Today In Film & TV

1941 Walt Disney’s animated film “Dumbo” released

Today In Music

2015 Adele releases her single “Hello” – becomes 1st song with more than a million downloads in 1st week (1.1m)

Today In Sports

1871 Replacement yacht Sappho (US) beats Livonia (UK) by 25:27 in race 5 to win 3rd America’s Cup off Newport, RI 4-1; original defender Columbia damaged so misses races 4 & 5

1903 8th Iron Bowl: Alabama beats Auburn 18-6 in Montgomery